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　　如果有人說，地球上保留幾十種至多幾百種動(dòng)物就足夠了，其他的物種可以任意捕殺，或坐視它們隨著生存圈被人類蠶食而漸漸消亡，有良知的人們一定不會(huì)同意。

　　Men of conscience do not condone the notion that animals can be hunted and killed at will provided a few dozen species are kept, or a few hundred at the most. Nor do they watch with folded arms when animals are left to die out after losing their fair share of living space to mankind.

　　但與此同時(shí)，人類雖然沒有明言他要?dú)⑺佬≌Z種和方言，但在行動(dòng)上似乎只準(zhǔn)備保留幾十個(gè)大語種，甚至越來越集中在幾個(gè)大語種的使用上，并且是如此坦然地幫助和促進(jìn)大語種對(duì)小語種的吞噬。

　　Paradoxically, human beings are behaving as if they were prepared to keep only a few dozen majority languages, even though they do not profess to get rid of minority languages and dialects. They have gone so far as to limit their use of languages to a few major ones, and have no qualms about literally helping majority languages lick up minority ones.

　　為什么要保護(hù)物種和語種？首先在于權(quán)利。每一物種都有在地球上生存的權(quán)利，每一個(gè)小民族都有使用祖先傳遞給他們的語言的權(quán)利，那幾乎是他們最重要的特征。其次，這種保護(hù)對(duì)其他物種，對(duì)其他人，對(duì)全人類都有好處。文化儲(chǔ)藏和積淀在語言中。人類文化的多樣性儲(chǔ)藏在其多樣的語種中。一個(gè)強(qiáng)健的生態(tài)系必然是多樣的，反過來這種多樣性又可以幫助它適應(yīng)和安渡環(huán)境的變遷。正如同一個(gè)愚鈍的村婦寧愿犧牲一點(diǎn)便利，也會(huì)拒絕將她的全部雞蛋放在一個(gè)籃子里。

　　Why should animal species and languages be protected? Because, firstly, their right is at stake. Every species has the right to survival. Every minority community is entitled to use the language it has inherited from its ancestors, in many cases as the singular emblem of its ethnic identity. Secondly, protecting species is as conducive to wildlife and mankind as safeguarding dialects is to languages. Cultures are reposed and accumulated in languages. Cultural diversity entails linguistic diversity. A sound ecosystem is predicated on diversity, and diversity offers the ecosystem alternatives to adapt itself to the changing environment in very much the same way as a country woman chooses not to put all her eggs in one single basket, even if it makes things a little inconvenient for her.

　　據(jù)說愛斯基摩人有上千種關(guān)于雪的詞匯，蒙古語中有無數(shù)關(guān)于牛馬羊的詞匯，阿拉伯語中有無數(shù)關(guān)于駱駝的詞匯。韓少功在一篇文章中說，他在海南的農(nóng)貿(mào)集市上問一位魚販，他賣的是什么魚，魚販一言蔽之：魚。韓最初以為人家語言貧乏，后來才知道，人家知道上百種魚的稱呼，只是用普通話沒法對(duì)你講。這些稱呼自然只是最表面的價(jià)值，其下面的深不可測(cè)的文化含量是我們無法估量的。

　　It is said that the Eskimo have over a thousand words for snow. The Mongolia language has a boundless vocabulary when it comes to cattle, horses and sheep. And Arabic contains countless words and phrases about the camel. The author Han Shaogong wrote that during a visit to a rural fair in Hainan Province, he asked a fish seller what kind of fish he was selling. The answer came in just one word, fish. Han was unimpressed by the seller’s scanty vocabulary, only to find out that the man could actually reel off at least a hundred fish names in his own dialect but could not recount them in Mandarin. On the surface, those fish names are nothing but a bunch of face values, but their cultural connotations can run so deep as to baffle us outsiders.

　　中國(guó)的方言之多當(dāng)居世界之最。道理很簡(jiǎn)單。廣大的地域中的社會(huì)歷史生活必然形成多種語言。“方塊字”與世界歷史上罕見的帝國(guó)政治及其“書同文”的政策，框定了其疆域內(nèi)語言變異的限度。其特征是一個(gè)語種，諸多方言。各區(qū)域獨(dú)特的文化便儲(chǔ)藏在這無數(shù)支方言中。四川文化與四川方言，蘇州文化與蘇州方言，等等，都是交織在一起，互為表里，共存共榮的。如果有一天方言消失了，該地文化中的諸多內(nèi)容都將隨之流逝。

　　No nation in this world boasts as many dialects as China, for the simple reason that the immense social and historical metamorphosis on its vast territory is bound to yield a cornucopia of dialects. The Chinese ideographs, along with a unified written language mandate that was part of a rare brand of imperial politics in world history, circumscribed the changes in Chinese, which is characterized by the presence of numerous dialects under the framework of the same written language. The culture and dialect of that region interact, complement, and cannot do without each other for survival and development. This is the case with Sichuan, Suzhou, or any other localities. If a dialect vanishes someday, a substantial part of what is contained in the local culture will be gone with it.