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　　“深刻”一詞人們常常提及，那么什么是深刻，人們卻很少思考，結(jié)果在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，人們往往是被“深刻”所迷惑，將本不深刻的東西視為深刻，將原本深刻的東西視為不深刻。

　　Shenke is a word often on people's tongue, but most people hardly ever think what the word really means and often get confused by it. And more often than not, many people take things not profound for being profound or the other way round.

　　《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》是這樣解釋深刻的，一是“達(dá)到事情或問題的本質(zhì)的”，二是“內(nèi)心感受程度很大的”。這兩個(gè)方面告訴我們，深刻一是指思維，二是指感受。感受，人們好理解，一輩子沒見過(guò)紅顏色，第一次看見，那肯定是印象深刻。但是，思維就不那么簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)橐_(dá)到事物或是某一問題的本質(zhì)，不是眼見為真。我們眼睛看到的常常只是表象，不是本質(zhì)。

　　The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary explains the word Shenke as: one, get to the essence of matter or problem; two, deeply impressed. We can see from the above explanations that Shenke means "profoundness", referring to two aspects: thinking and impression. It is not difficult to understand impression. Suppose someone sees the color red for the first time in his life, he will surely have a deep or profound impression. However, thinking is not so simple. One may not get to the essence of things by just seeing them, because what we see is often the superficial presentation, not the essence itself.

　　我們常說(shuō)魯迅雜文寫得深刻，深刻在什么地方，就是揭露了中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的本質(zhì)，就是“吃人”二字。也許有人會(huì)說(shuō)，封建社會(huì)怎么吃人呢？誰(shuí)也沒看見封建社會(huì)這個(gè)血盆大口。殊不知，這個(gè)血盆大口不是長(zhǎng)著獠牙，它是用一種無(wú)形的東西，即封建的意志，更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)就是皇帝個(gè)人的意志束縛著你的行為、你的思想，而且它還口口聲聲說(shuō)一切都是為你著想，讓你心甘情愿做奴才。無(wú)形之枷鎖有時(shí)比獠牙還厲害，它剝奪了一個(gè)人方方面面的權(quán)力。人類有時(shí)也很麻木，一旦習(xí)慣了某種生活方式，他就會(huì)不覺得這種生活方式讓他失去了什么，長(zhǎng)期不在自由下生活的人，并不知道自由的可貴，長(zhǎng)期不思考的人，也并不知道思考的意義，結(jié)果就是你不讓我自由，我就不要自由，你不讓我思考，我就不思考，只要讓我吃飽飯就行。此種麻木的思想，被魯迅意識(shí)到了，就是本該我們作為人應(yīng)有的東西被專制者拿走了，這和吃人有什么兩樣，這也就是說(shuō)魯迅看見了我們看不見的地方。

　　We often say Lu Xun's essays were written in a profound way. Their profoundness lies in exposing the essence of China's feudal society—men-eating. Perhaps some people may ask: How could a feudal society eat men? Nobody has ever seen that it had a bloody mouth. Such people hardly realize that the so-called "bloody mouth" did not have fiendish teeth in it but is rather something invisible: It implemented the will of feudalism, or the personal will of the emperor to fetter people's thinking as well as their behavior while claiming that it was all for their own good, so that they would be willing slaves. Invisible fetters are often more terrible than fiendish teeth as they would deprive people of every right. Sometimes human beings are quite insensitive. Once getting used to a certain way of life, most people would not feel that anything has been taken away from them; those who have lived without freedom would not know the value of freedom; and those who had not been engaged in thinking for a long time would not know the meaning of thinking. Consequently, such people would not ask for freedom if freedom was not given them nor would they engage themselves in thinking if thinking was not allowed. Everything might seem alright to them as long as they were permitted to have their meals. Lu Xun discovered such insensitiveness. That is, as human beings, they were deprived of something inherently belonging to them by autocrats. There was no difference between such practice and men-eating. This tells us Lu Xun saw things many people did not.

　　深刻絕不是奇談怪論，不是誰(shuí)喊叫和辱罵聲大誰(shuí)就深刻，不是你想到了我沒有想到就是深刻，也不是你敢說(shuō)我不敢說(shuō)就是深刻，更不是因?yàn)槟憧吹臅嗄芤脦拙涿说脑捑褪巧羁蹋羁膛c這些統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都無(wú)關(guān)。深刻存在于事物自身，任何事物都有它自身運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律，改造規(guī)律必定受規(guī)律的懲罰，人類社會(huì)也如此。在過(guò)去的六十年中，我們?cè)欢雀脑烊说撵`魂，結(jié)果是自己害了自己。這主要原因，還是自己對(duì)自己認(rèn)識(shí)的不足，自己沒有把自己看成是正常人，而看成是超人。從事物的本質(zhì)上認(rèn)識(shí)事物，我們就會(huì)離真理更近一些。

　　Profoundness by no means refers to strange tales or absurd arguments. Shouting or hurling abuse is not a manifestation of profoundness, nor is hitting upon something before others or daring to speak out something when others are not. The fact that one has read more books than others, thus able to quote famous people, is not a reflection of profoundness either. None of these has anything to do with real profoundness, which exists in things themselves. Everything has its own rules. Anyone who tries to change such rules will be punished. And this is also true with human society. In the past sixty years we had for a time tried to transform people's souls, only to have brought harms to ourselves. This is mainly because we didn't have enough understanding of ourselves, or in a sense, had deemed ourselves as supermen rather than as normal persons. We shall come nearer to truth if we see things from their essence.

　　這個(gè)世界不缺少深刻，就跟不缺少美一樣，缺少的是發(fā)現(xiàn)深刻和美的眼睛。比如萬(wàn)有引力，它本身就存在，不過(guò)是你認(rèn)識(shí)不到，而牛頓認(rèn)識(shí)到了，我們就應(yīng)該說(shuō)牛頓是深刻的。布魯諾說(shuō)地球是圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，這是本身存在的事實(shí)，所以他是深刻的，而且深刻得讓許多人不相信他的深刻，他的悲劇就是恰恰與世俗觀念的背叛。這樣說(shuō)來(lái)深刻并不是玄而又玄的東西，它是既簡(jiǎn)單又樸素的：一是事物本身存在的動(dòng)因，二是我們要能準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)出這種存在的動(dòng)因。

　　This world does not lack profoundness, just as it does not lack beautifulness. What is lacking is eyes capable of discovering profoundness and beautifulness. Take gravity for example. It has always existed but for a long time not recognized by common people. But Newton recognized it. We must say Newton was of profound learning. Bruno said that our Earth goes round the sun. This is a plain fact so he was also of profound learning. But his view was so profound that many people did not believe in his profoundness. His tragedy was caused by the fact that his profoundness went against the then worldly views. In this sense, profoundness is not something extremely mysterious or abstruse. On the contrary, it is plain and simple: first, there is the motivation of the existence of things; second, we must be able to account for such motivation precisely.