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“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則

“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”發(fā)端于上世紀(jì)70年代初。1972年斯德哥爾摩人類環(huán)境會(huì)議宣示，保護(hù)環(huán)境是全人類的“共同責(zé)任”；會(huì)議同時(shí)指出，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的環(huán)境問題“在很大程度上是發(fā)展不足造成的”，這已是“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”的雛形。1992年，《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》第四條正式明確了這一原則。根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要率先減排，并向發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供資金和技術(shù)支持；發(fā)展中國(guó)家仍以經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展及消除貧困為首要和壓倒一切的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，在得到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家技術(shù)和資金支持的情況下，采取措施減緩或適應(yīng)氣候變化。

這一原則也一直是中國(guó)參與國(guó)際氣候談判的基礎(chǔ)。

The Principle of "Common But Differentiated Responsibilities"

The principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" began to win general acceptance in the early 1970s. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972, declared that the protection and improvement of the human environment was the duty of the whole world. It also drew attention to the fact that environmental deficiencies in developing countries are themselves generated by the conditions of underdevelopment. This concept constitutes an essential element of the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities."

The principle was written into Article 4 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted in 1992. Under this principle, developed countries should take the lead in emissions reduction and provide support in terms of finance and technology to developing countries, while developing countries should apply this financial and technological support to actions designed to mitigate or adapt to climate change. Notwithstanding, economic and social development and poverty eradication still remain the first and overriding priorities for the developing world.

China has never forsaken this principle in any of the international climate negotiations in which it has participated.